How do I update Ubuntu Linux softwares?

Q. I have latest version of Ubuntu Linux. How do I update Ubuntu Linux for security and application fix or upgrades?

A. Ubuntu Linux can be upgraded using GUI tools or using traditional command line tools.

Using apt-get command line tool

apt-get is the command-line tool for handling packages. You can use following command options:

=> apt-get update : Update is used to resynchronize the package index files from their sources via Internet.

=> apt-get install package-name : install is followed by one or more packages desired for installation. If package is already installed it will try to update to latest version.

a) Open terminal and type following two commands (Application > Accessories > Terminal):

b) Get update software list, enter:

tukulesto:~# sudo apt-get update

c) Update software(s) i.e. apply updates:

tukulesto:~# sudo apt-get upgrade

d) Please note that above two command will fetch files from Internet. The location of update pages is specified in /etc/apt/sources.list (repositories). You need NOT to make any changes to this file until and unless you need extra repositories for your setup.

e) To upgrade individual software called foo type command:

tukulesto:~# sudo apt-get install foo

Using Ubuntu Update Manager tool

This is GUI tool. It works like Microsoft / Red Hat update manager i.e. you will see a little icon in the kicker bar/taskbar when there are updates. It will only appear when new upgrades are available. All you have to do is click on it and follow the online instructions.

You can also start GUI tool by Clicking System > Administration > Update Manager

That's all.

Regards

Don Tukulesto

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Remove an old Ubuntu Kernels

Someone has asked to me "how to remove old Ubuntu Kernels"

Every time Ubuntu installs a new Linux kernel, the old one is left behind. This means that if you are regularly updating an Ubuntu system the Grub boot menu becomes longer and longer with kernels you don’t need anymore.

The old kernels are deliberately left installed and on the menu so you can boot a previous kernel if you have trouble with a new one. But if the new one works, you can safely uninstall the old kernel, which will also result in the Grub menu being cleaned up.

First you need to find out what your current kernel is. Open a terminal and run the following command:

uname -r

It will print the version of the Linux kernel you are running, this is the one you want to keep. It should look something like this:

2.6.31-14-generic

This is the old trick, you just open the Synaptic package manager from the System->Administration menu.

Click the “Search” button on the tool bar and search for linux-image-2.

The results should show every available and installed kernel. A green box on the left indicates that the package is installed. The only linux-image you want installed is the latest one. Find the package corresponding to the kernel to you running currently (this is the kernel you found in the terminal window). Make sure you keep that one. Now you can uninstall the old kernels from the list by clicking their boxes and selecting “Mark for Removal”.

Caution! Be careful of what you remove. Ensure that you don’t remove your current kernel, or anything that is not a linux-image. It is possible to break Ubuntu if you remove the wrong kernel.

Click the apply button on the tool bar to complete the changes.

Your computer and Grub menu should now be free of old kernels.

That's all.


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Fake Facebook Account

While playing facebook, I accidentally saw a facebook account that uses the name Don Tukulesto.

Unexpectedly turned out to have something to drop the name of a Don Tukulesto, is that way until someone wants to get popularity in the eyes of other people to use another person's name?

lmao

WALL POST


INFO


THIS IS THE FAKE ACCOUNT OF DON TUKULESTO WATCH HERE

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Broadcasting from your own server: Setting up the SHOUTcast Radio DNAS Application

This tutorial is recommended for advanced users.

If you chose to setup your own server, you will need lots of bandwidth and a stable connection to the Internet. What do we mean by "your own server"? By that we mean a computer host, usually a pretty powerful one, which you can use to serve websites from. In that regard, a SHOUTcast server will be responsible for identifying in the SHOUTcast Radio Directory your radio to your listeners.

Downloading the SHOUTcast DNAS application and setting up your server should take approximately 45 minutes of your time, but may take longer depending on your level of technical expertise.

Ready? Let's get started:

Installation instructions for each platform are below:

Windows 98/ME/2000/XP:

1. Download the SHOUTcast DNAS application for Windows by proceeding to this link
2. Once the download has finished, extract all the files into a folder and create a shortcut for SC_SERV.EXE on the Desktop.
3. Start up the SHOUTcast Radio server by double-clicking on SC_SERV.EXE
4. Click on the "Edit Config" menu option located at the top. This will start the default text editor, opening the configuration file for SHOUTcast DNAS application. Follow all the directions that are written into the configuration file.
5. Once you are done making changes, save the file, close the editor, and restart the SHOUTcast Radio DNAS application.

UNIX, LINUX, FreeBSD and MAC OSX:

1. Download the SHOUTcast DNAS application version appropriate to your system by proceeding to this link.
2. Gunzip the distribution and un-tar the archive.
3. Use a text editor to configure the sc_serv.conf file (Please see the SHOUTcast DNAS application section of the Documentation page for more information on what each field in this config file means ).
4. Note that the user you run the server as requires read access to the config file, and write access for the files you define for file storage and log storage.

The configuration parameters and what they all mean, including how you can choose whether to make your station public are explained in the Documentation.

GLOSSARY of Terms

SHOUTcast Radio DNAS - The SHOUTcast Distributed Network Audio Software (DNAS) is a software application that you install on your computer server that handles the actual streaming of your internet radio station content out to listeners.

SHOUTcast Radio DSP - Software plug-in for Winamp that is used to broadcast your Winamp playlist or a live source.

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Broadcasting through a third-party server or stream hosting solution: Using Winamp with the SHOUTcast Radio DSP Plug-in

If you would like to start your own internet radio station without the hassle of running your own server this is the solution for you. You can host your radio broadcast through a willing third party that will handle the actual streaming for you, leaving you to only worry about what you want to play on your internet radio station! You can search the Internet for the streaming host solution that fits you needs and your budget.

Once you have a streaming host in place, you can use the Winamp media player along with the SHOUTcast DSP plug-in to start broadcasting. This plug-in is responsible for sending the audio source feed of your internet radio station to your streaming server, from where it is broadcasted out to your listeners.

Instructions - Windows

1. Download Winamp by going to the Winamp site or here.

2. Download the SHOUTcast Radio DSP plug-in for Winamp. The DSP plug-in is available here.

3. Once you have downloaded the SHOUTcast Radio DSP plug-in, close Winamp if its already running and double-click the installer file that you downloaded in step 2 above, and follow the onscreen instructions to install.


4. Start Winamp and open Preferences (CTRL-P) and click on the DSP/effects subcategory under the Plug-ins tree. See below for example:



5. Once you have the SHOUTcast Radio DSP plug-in setup and properly configured, it will broadcast whatever is currently playing on Winamp on your internet radio station in real time!Please refer to the README that comes with the DSP installer for more instructions on how to use the SHOUTcast Radio DSP, including how you can chose whether to make your station public (i.e., list on the SHOUTcast Radio directory).

Instructions - Unix, Linux & MAC OSX

Not a Windows or Winamp user? Don't worry, we've got you covered! For our advanced users on Mac OS X, Linux and Unix, the UNIX/Linux version of the SHOUTcast Radio DSP permits input from a soundcard in addition to MP3 files on disk. Please refer to the example .conf file included with the archive for more information. Please note that this method of broadcasting is currently in beta and therefore unsupported. Please use at your own risk. Download the SHOUTcast Radio DSP for Unix/Linux/MAC OSX here.


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